the scarlet letter essays

the red letter articles In the book The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a character by the name of Roger Chillingworth had submitted the indefensible sin and he fundamentally slaughtered another character, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Everybody has been in a position where they have gotten the opportunity of controlling or coercing somebody. Chillingworth did precisely that and wound up breaking down Dimmesdale to his demise. Dimmesdale was not the single one influenced by Chillingworths deeds. Chillingworth had a life partner, however nobody knew about their relationship. Her name was Hester Prynne and she had an ill-conceived youngster named Pearl. The Reverend Dimmesdale took part in an extramarital entanglements with Hester, and he is the genuine dad of Pearl. All through the novel the individuals of Boston were retained this data, alongside the data of Hesters genuine spouse. Chillingworth was a doctor, or back in those days a specialist was known as a siphon. Dimmesdale began to feel sick, along these lines beginning the start of his end. Dimmesdale became not just a patient of Chillingworth, however a flat mate as well. Being in such close contact with Dimmesdale, Chillingworth has come to know the clergymen most private feelings, and he has started to speculate that Dimmesdales sickness is the aftereffect of a profound mystery that has at no time been trusted with another. In a sequestered discussion with Hester, Chillingworth made a promise to descry the genuine dad of Pearl, and uncover him. In a discussion with Dimmesdale, Chillingworth raises the topic of why an individual would... <! The Scarlet Letter articles In Nathaniel Hawthornes epic, The Scarlet Letter, two primary characters Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth both have insider facts however each languishes various outcomes over their wrongdoings. Insider facts are those that are kept from general society to shroud blame, disgrace, vengeance, despise, and love. Outcomes happen normally from an activity maybe a mystery. Sins happen far and wide however ordinarily individuals dont get injured from them yet this case is unique. Chillingworth and Dimmesdale are two entirely unexpected individuals however they do share several things in like manner, Hester is a lady who submitted the transgression infidelity and is the fundamental motivation behind why Dimmesdale and Chillingworth need to conceal their privileged insights. Dimmesdale says I have chuckled, in harshness and anguish of heart, at the difference between what I appear and what I am! Dimmesdale submitted infidelity with Hester. Hester was stood up to before all the individuals however Dimmesdale kept his activity covered up. Chillingworth returns from a long ocean journey to see his better half Hester remaining on a framework with An on her chest. Chillingworth than converses with a towns individual to perceive what is happening. The towns individual discussions about Hesters spouse not knowing who he is conversing with. He says Yonder lady, Sir you should know, was the spouse of a specific educated man. English by birth, however who had since quite a while ago stayed in Amsterdam, whence, some great time agone, he was disapproved to traverse and join up with us of the Massachusetts. Chillingworth use to be Master Prynne however changed his name so he wouldnt be humiliated by Hester. Privileged insights can cause issues down the road for them in torment or quality. The outcomes of these privileged insights start off in two distinct manners. Dimmesdale endures terribly with the blame and agony inside his body. In Mr. Dimmesdales mystery storage room, safely secured, there was a ridiculous scourage. Dimmesdale would beat ... <! The Scarlet Letter expositions The Scarlet Letter - Individuality inside a Puritan Society Regularly in the public arena individuals are censured, rebuffed and scorned for their individual decisions and blemishes. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the creator endeavors to show the manner in which society throws out people just on the grounds that their thoughts and deeds contrast from the basic qualities. Nathaniel Hawthorne utilizes Hester Prynne to represent that the individuals who challenge social congruities can profit society in general. In spite of the fact that she has been expelled for submitting infidelity, she sees that the network needs her. Through her liberal achievements the network acknowledges she is an individual who, paying little heed to her wrongdoing, can influence the network in a positive way. In the start of the book Hester Prynne is openly embarrassed as a discipline for breaking a Puritan conviction and one of the Ten Commandments; infidelity. She is then compelled to remain before the town for a considerable length of time as the group attempts to separate her with analysis and disgracing words. After her discharge, the scene was not without a blend of wonderment, for example, much consistently contribute the exhibition of blame and disgrace of a kindred animal (63). They nearly took a have a great time her discipline, having thought they scrubbed the town, and along these lines just leaving an unadulterated society. They imagined that in the event that they rewarded her so terrible that nobody could ever even consider violating the law again. As the story starts the townspeople don't consider her to be a need yet as an aggravation to dispose of. They don't understand the requirement for which they have of her. What's more, that she is the same amount of a piece of the network as they all may be. So it could be said when the exile Hester they are banishing a piece of themselves. After this she is given greater discipline by wearing the letter A weaved on all that she wears as a suggestion to everybody that she has submitted infidelity. She is tossed away and is not, at this point a network part. She endured these experiences ... <! The Scarlet Letter expositions Infidelity, disloyalty, indiscrimination, deception, and interest, all of which would make a magnificent coming fascination on the Hollywood scene and presumably an entirely decent book. Include Puritan goals and composing styles, making it since quite a while ago, drawn out, monotonous, wearisome, rest inciting, dully silly, and the final product is The Scarlet Letter. Regardless of every one of these things it is viewed as a work of art and was The Scarlet Letter is an awesome and not really customary case of the great versus insidious subject. What makes this a one of a kind example of good versus underhanded is that either side could be viewed as possibly one. Hester could easily have been found as detestable, or the trouble maker, as she was by the townspeople. That is, she was sentenced for infidelity, an appalling sin of the time, yet perhaps not even seen as criminal today. With respect to discipline, a sentence to wear a red An upon her chest, it would barely be thought about a weight or extraordinary sentence in present day. Or on the other hand Hester can be viewed as defying a general public where she was constrained into a cold marriage and consequently she would be the hero, or young lady, all things considered. Additionally the townspeople, the officers, and Chillingworth, Hester's genuine spouse, can be seen in the two lights. Possibly they can be seen as simply maintaining the law - she submitted a wrongdoing, they authorize the law. Then again are they going to outrageous estimates, for example, needing to take Pearl, Hester's little girl, away on the grounds that Hester has veered off from the standard, all to uphold an out of line law that doesn't In spite of the fact that the subjects of the novel do have any significant bearing to significant issues in history and could have had effects on the timeframe, they were not extraordinary. During the occasions and in the Puritan people group this didn't have a huge effect on ... <! The Scarlet Letter papers The melancholy depiction, reflexive of the puritan culture in section one of the Scarlet Letter, was framed by Nathaniel Hawthorne to portend occasions in the novel, however to likewise uncover the topical thought of social dismissal and Hawthornes own reject of social similarity and vision. Through the utilization of symbolism, state of mind, tone, centrality, and imagery, the peruser can solidly get a handle on the creators reason by the piece of these artistic components. Scattered all through section one are different expressive expressions that upgrade the dismal and dull temperament introduced by Hawthorne. In his portrayal of the occupants of Boston, he delineates, A crowd of unshaven men, in pitiful shaded articles of clothing and gray....(45). As recommended by this, the peruser is unmistakably ready to see the one-track society of the Puritans. A crowd of whiskery men passes on a feeling of consistency among the early Bostonians, an ocean of similarity wherein no specific individual sticks out. Through Hawthornes centrality of the jail, the plot is yet furthur upgraded. His dreary referrals to the jail show the standards of the Puritan culture, where deviation is frequently deserving of detainment, and how socially unsuitable activities were weighted intensely upon the carry out er of the thing. Evidently some time back, a lady by the name of Anne Hutchinson was sentenced to the jail for some inferred reason. Nonetheless, it isn't Anne Hutchinson herself that is significant; it is the rule wherein she represents that Hawthorne equals to the story. ... <! The Scarlet Letter expositions Imagery is the act of speaking to things by images. The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a book of much imagery. Set in seventeenth century New England, the book begins with the open discipline of Hester Prynne, an indicted philanderer. One of the most mind boggling and misconstrued images in the book is Hesters ill-conceived girl, Pearl. All through the story, she forms into a powerful image - one that is consistently ch

Faust :: essays papers

Faust This Book has numerous obscure characters, just Gretchen is the one character you can feel frustrated about, that is the thing that makes this catastrophe so astonishing yet satisfying .Her and Faust going around satisfies you, yet you foresee them to fall frantically into affection with each other and finish their lives reveling with Mephisto. In any case, this unadulterated untainted soul is fooled into deserting the guiltlessness of her childhood and dying down to the insidious one for the guarantee of wealth and a superior life. So by and by you have nobody to pull for, on the grounds that despite the fact that you comprehend Faust’s problem he’s getting what he needed. Next you truly start to abhor Faust on the grounds that once he has seen and had all that Gretchen brings to the table his adoration turns into a captivation prodded by his recently discovered youth. At that point who are you left with; Gretchen a now pregnant fake frantically trusting her â€Å"lov er† who has harmed her mom and killed her sibling will come spare her from jail, and Mephisto the Devil himself. The whole Gretchen Tragedy is there to conjure a sentiment of enticement. A kind of â€Å"What if†, truly what might you do if a gorgeous individual from the other gender who has more cash than anybody you have ever known about moved toward you depicting their affection to you like a gooey Julia Roberts film. This demonstrates the point that Mephisto made to God in Prologue in Heaven â€Å"If just it were grass he could rest in! There is no rubbish he won't jab his nose in.†(Prologue In Heaven p. 85). We should continue searching for better things, if Gretchen somehow managed to acknowledge what a little value she was paying to forfeit life on earth forever everlasting in paradise. She was without transgression until she permitted human instinct to dominate. Gretchen upon her passageway into the play is cliché of a laborer lady of that time; she works throughout the day, lives with her folks, and would like to one day wed over her group so her little girl won't need to suffer as she has for a mind-blowing duration. Be that as it may, she starts a transformation when she meets Faust. In the first place, she discovers gems that she can’t start to depict, so she offers them to her mom run of the mill of the occasions.

MPA application dates COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

MIA/MPA application dates COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog SIPA will be closed Thursday, November 28 and Friday, November 29 in observance of Thanksgiving. Here in the U.S. people are planning Thanksgiving gatherings with family and friends.   The feast will continue through the weekend.   This is also a weekend when a number of prospective applicants are planning to sit down and fill out their applications for graduate school taking advantage of the long weekend. As you browse through our website for application deadlines, you may find a couple of confusing application dates for the MIA/MPA program.   We say our application deadline is January 6, 2014 (for Fall 2014) but that deadline is for those applicants who wish to be considered for a merit fellowship.   If you are one of the few who does not need funding, then mark February 5 (final application deadline) on your calendar. So if you wish to be considered for a merit fellowship, you must make sure your application is submitted complete, which means all documents are received by the Admissions Office by January 6, 2014 at 11:59:59 pm EST (keep in mind there are no deliveries to our office after 5pm EST).     This is where it gets confusing.  There are a couple of SIPA scholarship deadline exceptions that you may still be eligible for even if you submit your application after January 6.   These are  SIPA scholarships (outside the first year Merit Fellowship consideration) and require a separate scholarship application.   These SIPA scholarship applications must be submitted by January 27.   Unfortunately, you cannot get started on them without first submitting your program application. so get moving on it and good luck. We wish you a safe and happy holiday!

Letter Of The Letter By Harriet Tubman - 1620 Words

Trung Le 816451513 WMNST 341A Dr. Sue Gonda July 2, 2015 Final Part 1 1. Primary Source: Letter to President Abraham Lincoln, written by abolitionist Lydia Marie Child quoting Harriet Tubman. 2. Dated: January 21, 1862 3. The author of the letter to Lincoln was abolitionist Lydia Marie Child who directly quoted Tubman. According to text, Tubman was illiterate so she had others write for her; â€Å"her oral reminiscences were recorded in book form by a neighbor and friend, Sarah H. Bradford† (TWE 307). Tubman was well known for her work in the Underground Railroad, a â€Å"network of safe houses† that led slaves to freedom (Bio). She was born into slavery in Dorchester County, Maryland in 1820 under the name of Araminta Ross; later she took her mother’s name, Harriet, and the last name of her husband, John Tubman, who she married in 1844. In her early life as a slave, Tubman went through a lot of hardships. Tubman’s sisters were sold to distant plantations, and physical violence was a part of her daily life. One of her most life-changing scars occurred when she refused to help an overseer punish a young man for leaving the field without permission. The overseer thr ew a heavy object intended for the young man and it struck Tubman in the head; she suffered permanent brain damage that would give her seizures for the rest of her life (Bio). When Tubman’s master died in 1849 she escaped with her two brothers fearing that they would be sold and further separated from herShow MoreRelatedThe Narrative Of The Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Tubman1721 Words   |  7 PagesInjustice is a prevailing theme in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Tubman, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass, Spider Woman s Web by Susan Hazen-Hammond and Great Speeches by Native Americans by Bob Blaisdell; the diligence of several characters have made it possible for them to preserve and overcome injustices. America has not always been a land of the free for colored people; white settlers destroyed the meaning of freedom when they robbed the landRead MoreHarriet Tubman, Mother Jones, And Melba Pattillo Beals1430 Words   |  6 PagesHow can a person make a big difference in human rights? Well, Harriet Tubman, Mother Jones, and Melba Pattillo Beals are all examples of people who fought and made a b ig impact for all human rights. While Harriet Tubman and Melba Pattillo Beals stood up for African American Rights, Mother Jones fought for child labor laws, and all these individuals were determined to take action for their cause. These special people helped to enact change by standing up for rights they believe in, and fighting forRead MoreEssay on Abolitionists997 Words   |  4 PagesAbolitionists Strategies of Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, and John Brown Abolitionist Movement was a reform movement during the 18th and 19th centuries. Often called the antislavery movement, it sought to end the enslavement of Africans and people of African descent in Europe, the Americas, and Africa itself. It also aimed to end the Atlantic slave trade carried out in the Atlantic Ocean between Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Many people participated in trying to end slavery. TheseRead MoreHarriet Tubm A Biography1298 Words   |  6 Pagesthe authors of Harriet Tubman :A biography focused on telling the remarkable story of Harriet Tubman the biography tells the story about her early years as young Arminta Ross, how she escape slavery, her duties as the Underground Railroad Conductor, and her roles in the Civil War. I feel like the authors purpose of writing this books was to educate and inform readers about the times of Harriet Tubman and what she had to endure and also to give a understanding on why Harriet Tubman is so legendaryRead MoreThe Huma n Rights Of Harriet Tubman, Mother Jones, And Melba Pattillo Beals1505 Words   |  7 PagesFighting for Human Rights How can a person make a big difference in human rights? Well, Harriet Tubman, Mother Jones, and Melba Pattillo Beals are all examples of people who fought and made a big impact for all human rights. While Harriet Tubman and Melba Pattillo Beals stood up for African American Rights, Mother Jones fought for child labor laws, and all these individuals were determined to take action for their cause. These special people helped to enact change by standing up for rights they believeRead More Harriet Tubman : Walk to Freedom Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pagesboys by the hands and leads them to the other side. That is exactly how Harriet Tubman lived her life. During her first plan to escape slavery, she went on her way with two of her brothers. Harriet reached safety, but her brothers had turned back halfway to freedom. After that incident, Harriet Tubman devoted her life to helping slaves cross the street to freedom. THESIS With a past childhood surrounded with slavery, Harriet Tubman grew up with the need to make a difference; after years of smugglingRead MoreHarriet Tubm The Most Influential Women Of All Time1609 Words   |  7 Pagespeople are capable of defying the rolls of society but that did not stop Harriet Tubman. Not only was Tubman the bravest woman in history, she was an African American slave who overcame adversity. Tubman escaped and not only made a better life for herself, but made a difference in hundreds of other African Americans lives. Tubman risked her own safety and freedom to help other African American’s reach their freedom. Tubman taught us that no matter who you are, where you come from, or what you lookRead MoreHarriet Tubman1182 Words   |  5 PagesEarly Years Her real name was Harriet Beecher Stowe. Born as a salve on June 14, 1820 on a plantation in Maryland. There were 8 children in her family and she was the sixth. When she was five, her Mother died. Her Father remarried one year later and in time had three more children. Her Father always wanted her to be a boy. When Harriet was only 13 years old, she tried to stop a person from being whipped and went between the two people. The white man hit her in the head with a shovel andRead MoreEssay On Harriet Tubman1602 Words   |  7 PagesHarriet Tubman â€Å"I had reasoned this out in my mind, there was one of two things I had a right to, liberty or death; if I could not have one, I would have the other.† -Tubman The world was blessed with Harriet Tubman in 1822 on the eastern shore of Maryland. Unfortunately, Tubman was born into this world as a slave and lived on a plantation with her family, which consisted of four brothers and four sisters. Her parents named her Araminta â€Å"Minty† Ross but soon, with the coming of age, she changed herRead More Harriet Tubman Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pages Early Years Her real name was Harriet Beecher Stowe. Born as a salve on June 14, 1820 on a plantation in Maryland. There were 8 children in her family and she was the sixth. When she was five, her Mother died. Her Father remarried one year later and in time had three more children. Her Father always wanted her to be a boy. When Harriet was only 13 years old, she tried to stop a person from being whipped and went between the two people. The white man hit her in the head with a shovel and she blacked

The Important Role Of Intentions And Outcomes - 1448 Words

The Important Role of Intentions and Outcomes in Euthanasia â€Å"I don’t want to die, I’m not suicidal; I just simply cannot go on living this way anymore.† As a hospice volunteer I have seen every psychological stage of the dying. It’s hard to watch someone go through the emotional rollercoaster that accompanies the knowledge of imminent death. Mary was one of my residents for over 6 months, when she first arrived at the inpatient unit it seemed as if she had nothing wrong with her. In the early months I would sit with her and talk about her life, read books with her, and occasionally play a game of cards. She confided in me intimate details of her life, and I looked forward to visiting with her every week. Around the 4th month†¦show more content†¦Active euthanasia is the act of giving the means to a terminally ill patient to cause their death. Whereas, passive euthanasia is the withdrawal of treatment, or the failure to treat with the intentio n of causing the patient’s death. I believe that there is no moral difference between assisting someone to die on their own terms, and not allowing for interventions to take place in order to sustain the life of a person. In both of these cases the patient in question made the autonomous decision to not continue with their life in this way. The outcome is the same in both scenarios. In each of these a person is relieved of their suffering, through a means of death. The person assisting in reaching this outcome had the pure intention of respecting the patient’s wishes in both cases. The result of death for these patients is a more favorable outcome than any form of prolonged life. The importance in determining the lack of distinction lies in intentions. For instance say a doctor is very tired and simply wants to go home, but a person with a severe gunshot wound comes to him and is bleeding profusely. The doctor knows that surgery to repair this injury will take a very long time, and he is not even sure that it will work. Instead of treating this patient the doctor lets the man bleed to death in a

Role of the Practitioner Free Essays

ll early years practitioners have a role to play in quality improvement by developing their personal and professional skills as reflective practitioners. Linda Thornton and Pat Brunton discuss what you can do The quality of provision in any early years settings is dependent on the skills, attitudes, knowledge and experience of everyone who works there. Reflective practice is the key to quality improvement as it helps to identify the strengths and weaknesses of different aspects of a setting’s provision. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of the Practitioner or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being a reflective practitioner involves thinking about how you currently work and evaluating what you do in order to improve your practice. The reflective practitioner stands back, takes a balanced view and recognises what works well, but is also able to acknowledge what could be changed. To be a reflective practitioner you need to be self aware and able to look as objectively and honestly as possible at how you work with children, colleagues and parents. This is not easy, but taking a proactive role, reflecting on and analysing your own practice is far more rewarding than relying on someone in a more senior position to do this for you. Evaluating your own practice helps to put you in control of the changes that should be made, enables you to identify your professional development needs and will increase your confidence and feelings of job satisfaction. Reflective practice and self evaluation are fundamental to the Ofsted inspection process. By completing the Self Evaluation Form (SEF) managers and setting leaders are able to provide a snapshot of what happens in a setting. Through the SEF they can clearly identify the setting’s strengths and highlight what it does well. At the same time they can acknowledge any weaknesses in provision and plan the changes and improvements to be made. However, managers cannot achieve this alone. They are reliant on all practitioners in the setting taking responsibility for the quality of their individual practice and aiming for continuous improvement. The reflective practitioner in action Being a good role model Reflect on how enthusiastic, positive and optimistic you are and how you demonstrate this in your work from day to day. Think about how you treat colleagues, how well you listen to them and to what extent you are prepared to help out if needed. Consider the way to talk to children and how good you are at listening to what they have to say and following up on their ideas. How good are you at making parents feel welcome and at valuing what they can tell you about what is important for their individual child? Do you help the setting to run smoothly by thinking ahead and being proactive in solving problems as they arise? Do you take responsibility for your own professional development? Understanding the SEF By understanding the structure of the SEF and looking at the questions it asks you can become more aware of how your individual practice contributes to the overall provision of the setting. The SEF is in three parts that look at different aspects of how a setting functions. Part A: The details of the setting and the views of those who use it As a reflective practitioner, consider the contribution you make to the vision and values of the setting and what it aims to achieve for children and families. Think about how well you help parents and children to feel a part of the setting. How do you enable them to express opinions and have their views listened to? How good are you at contributing your ideas and opinions and listening to the views of others? How to cite Role of the Practitioner, Essay examples

Vetting Procedures and Counter Surveillance - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theVetting Procedures and Counter SurveillanceMeasures. Answer: Introduction In Australia, vetting is a common practice carried out by a majority of the employers. It is done to check criminal records where necessary and as a security measure against insider threat. Mainly, the vetting process comprises of police checks, past employment history, an employees qualifications, traffic convictions, tenancy, financial and psychometric assessments. Overall, the process varies depending on the reason for vetting. Moreover, companies are also using counter surveillance measures. The use of vetting and counter surveillance measures is among the many ways corporates and individuals are enhancing the security of information and assets. The Vetting Procedure for Australian security clearance For the Australian government, vetting entails personnel security practices carried out on its employees to ensure they have security clearance to access government resources. Security clearance is accorded depending on four levels which are Baseline Personnel Security Standard, Counter Terrorist Check, Security Check and Developed Vetting.[1] The vetting process is conducted by vetting agencies such as Australian Government Security Vetting Agency (AGSVA) and other authorized agencies.[2] However, the Australian Government Security Vetting Agency is mandated to offer security clearances for a majority of the government, state and territory agencies. Generally, this vetting process has various stages. The first stage is the where agencies decide which are the requirements for the security clearance. In the second stage, the vetting agency that is hired issues the clearance pack after confirming the requirements.[3] Afterward, the person who wants the clearance, clearance subject, completes the pack and provides documents as supporting evidence. Later the clearance pack is processed while various checks are conducted. The assessing officers in the vetting agency then recommend whether the clearance should be granted or denied and the information is passed to the delegate. At this stage, the delegate makes a decision which must be in line with the recommendation of the assessing officer. If there are any disagreements, the clearance is returned to the assessing officer.[4] If no issues arise, the agency is supposed to advise the applicant of the outcome. Lastly, the agency conducts periodic checks to ensure the holder is still suitable for the clearance. Additionally, the outcome is subject to review and appeal. Counter Surveillance Equipment Due to the rise in affordability and availability of surveillance bugs and taps from the internet, the need for surveillance countermeasures has risen. As a result, some retailers offer surveillance countermeasures services. Currently, the equipment used detects bugs from homes, workplaces, and vehicles. The surveillance equipment detected include audio listening bugs, phone bugs, 3G and 4G bugs, GSM bugs, Global Positioning System (GPS) vehicle trackers and Wi-Fi and Bluetooth devices.[5] The companies that offer these services use the latest digital technology to increase efficiency and effectiveness. These services range from Technical Surveillance Countermeasures (TSCM) equipment for sale and technicians for hire who can perform the sweep using TSCM. These services are readily available through the internet with companies such as Spy City offering the service at $1,1995 for three hours.[6] Melbourne Investigations offers the detection of hidden cameras, GPS trackers, listening and phone tapping devices.[7] Meanwhile, Prime Investigations offers counter surveillance services that detect GSM bugs, phone taps, GPS trackers and hidden cameras.[8] Other companies such as The Australian Bug Detection Group and National surveillance and intelligence offer bug detection sweeps with use of the latest digital technology.[9] Vetting of Staff Members for Criminal Records in New Zealand In New Zealand employers can check criminal records of employees or job applicants. This can be done through the Ministry of Justice and Police vetting information.[10] To obtain this information the employer must first get the consent of the employee or job applicant in written form. In most cases, it is better to vet applicants before hiring them to avoid unnecessary inconveniences when one has to fire someone. In the hiring process, if the employer wishes to obtain criminal records of applicants the application forms should state that the applicants should disclose criminal information and consequences should they fail to do so. Further, the employment agreement should state that employment is done if the employer is satisfied with the findings from the criminal record. Some people are protected by the clean slate rule, and they do not reveal their criminal record. For the employers who decide to go through the Ministry of Justice, they obtain a list of criminal and traffic convictions where the employee was found guilty. On the other hand, police vetting provides information to approved agencies about employees that care for children, old people and those who are vulnerable in the society. Information is released depending on its relevance to the position of the employee. This information may include court convictions and charges.[11] Employers are also not allowed to use the information obtained to short list candidates. They are to present the information to the employees and give them a chance to explain themselves. In addition, they are obliged to disclose the retention period which for agencies is set at a maximum of twelve months. Conclusion In conclusion, vetting is done by most employers for various reasons as aforementioned. Generally, the vetting procedure occurs in different stages depending on the vetting agency and the reason for the vetting process. Additionally, the use of counter surveillance measures is on the rise, and the services are readily available for individuals and corporates. Finally, the vetting process for criminal records differs according to the laws governing a jurisdiction. Bibliography Bug Detector Melbourne - Melbourne Investigations(2017) Melbourne Investigations https://melbourneinvestigations.com.au/private-investigators-melbourne/bug-detector-melbourne Criminal Record Checks Employment New Zealand(2017) Employment.govt.Nz https://www.employment.govt.nz/workplace-policies/tests-and-checks/criminal-record-checks/ Electronic Bug Detection Sydney | Prime Investigations (2017) Primeinvestigations.com.au https://www.primeinvestigations.com.au/electronic-bug-detection-sydney/ Human Rights: On the Record: Recruitment (Chapter 5) | Australian Human Rights Commission (2017) Humanrights.gov.au https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/human-rights-record-recruitment-chapter-5 Personnel Security Guidelines - Vetting Practices (2016) TSCM - Electronic Bug Detection, Security Sweep Melbourne, Electronic Bug Sweeping, Countermeasures (2017) 21investigations.com.au https://www.21investigations.com.au/tscm_bug_sweeping_electronic_countermeasures.php TSCM Service - 3 Hours - Melbourne Based (2017) SPY CITY https://spycity.com.au/solutions/tscm-service-3-hours-melbourne-based/ Working in Government - Security Vetting / Security Clearance - Theinfohub By Unlock | For People with Convictions and Criminal Recordstheinfohub By Unlock | For People with Convictions and Criminal Records(2017) Hub.unlock.org.uk https://hub.unlock.org.uk/knowledgebase/working-in-government-security-vetting/

Cultural Intelligence by Earley, P. Christopher and Elaine Mosakowski

From the reading, there is compelling evidence demonstrating that cultural intelligence is defined as an individual’s capability to deal effectively in culturally diverse settings, that culturally intelligent individuals engaged in global assignments understand what constitutes intelligent behaviors in different cultures through their emotional, cognitive, motivational and behavioral cultural intelligence, and that a propensity to suspend judgment or to think before acting is required to achieve cultural intelligence (Earley Mosakowski 139-141).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Intelligence by Earley, P. Christopher and Elaine Mosakowski specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The authors present a self-assessment tool consisting of three typologies and scores of cultural intelligence, namely cognitive cultural intelligence, physical, cultural intelligence, and emotional/motivational cultural intelligenc e (Earley Mosakowski 143). Upon completing the self-assessment, it is evident that my level of cultural intelligence is as follows: cognitive cultural intelligence = 4; physical cultural intelligence = 4.5; and emotional/motivational intelligence = 2.25. Consequently, upon reflection, it is clear that efforts need to be undertaken to develop the emotional/motivational cultural intelligence component, especially in having confidence to deal with people from a different culture (score = 2), befriending individuals whose cultural backgrounds are different from mine (score = 2), and having the capacity to adapt to the lifestyle of a different culture with relative ease (score = 2). All the limitations described above are emotional/motivational oriented, hence the need to develop and strengthen the amount of energy that can be proactively directed at cultural learning and adjustment, with the view to improving the confidence to deal with people from a different culture. Additionally, th ere is need to focus attention to developing intrinsic motivational faculties geared toward engaging in interactions with individuals from a different culture, and also improving the level of emotional competence required to interact effectively in a culturally diverse environment (Earley Mosakowski 140-143). It is believed that emotional/motivational cultural intelligence not only facilitates the possibility of people on international assignments to proactively engage in experiential learning and become more productive but also drives these individuals to internalize further behavioral cultural intelligence, which then facilitates them to act according to culturally accepted rules and actively adjust to culturally diverse environments.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another area of development aimed at enhancing the emotional/motivational cultural intelligence component resid es in facilitating the attainment of a propensity to suspend judgment or to think before acting, with the view to using senses to register all the ways that individuals in global contexts may be different from those in home environments yet similar to one another (Earley Mosakowski 140). According to these authors, it is essential to observe the conduct of individuals up until a point whereby the observation begins to settle into patterns to develop anticipatory faculties of how these individuals will react in the next situation, and also draw inferences that will be free of the routine hazards of stereotyping. This way, it would be easier to befriend individuals whose cultural backgrounds are different, have the confidence to deal with them, and also develop the capacity to adapt to the lifestyles of these people. Lastly, in light of the limitations noted, it would be plausible to develop the body, heart, and head, with the view to understanding the impulse behind the observed shi fts in cross-cultural contexts, facilitating the capacity to alter appearance and emotions as the situation may demand. Enhancing the emotional capability to effectively deal and interact with people whose cultural backgrounds may be different from our very own (Earley Mosakowski 142). The efficient combination of the three components (body, heart, and head), given the authors, is of paramount importance in the development of a well-rounded cultural intelligence capability. Works Cited Earley, P. Christopher and Elaine Mosakowski. â€Å"Cultural Intelligence.† Harvard Business Review. 83.1 (2004): 139-146. Web. This essay on Cultural Intelligence by Earley, P. Christopher and Elaine Mosakowski was written and submitted by user Jaxen Rose to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Dark Money - Definition

Dark Money - Definition Anyone whos paid attention to all those mysteriously funded political ads on television during the 2012 presidential election is probably familiar with the term dark money. Dark money is a term used to describe political spending by innocuously named groups whose own donors - the source of the money - are allowed to remain hidden because of loopholes in disclosure laws. How Dark Money Spending Works So why does dark money exist? If there are Federal Election Commission rules requiring campaigns to report their sources of funding, how can it be that some of the money spent on trying to influence elections is coming from unnamed sources? Related Story: A Guide to Money in Politics Most of the dark money making its way into politics comes not from campaigns themselves but outside groups including nonprofit 501[c] groups or social welfare organizations that are spending tens of millions of dollars. Those groups are required to report how much they spend trying to influence elections. But under the Internal Revenue Service code, 501[c] and social welfare organizations are not required to tell the government or public from whom they get their money. That means they can spend money on electioneering or make contributions to super PACs without naming names of individual donors. What Dark Money Pays For Dark money spending is very similar to spending by super PACs. 501[c] and social welfare organizations can spend unlimited amounts of money trying to sway voters on specific issues and thereby influence the outcome of elections. History of Dark Money The explosion of dark money followed the U.S. Supreme Courts landmark 2010 ruling in the case of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. The court ruled that the federal government cannot limit corporations - including those 501[c] and social welfare organizations - from spending money to influence the outcome of elections. The ruling led to the creation of super PACs. Dark Money Examples Groups that spend money on trying to influence elections without having to disclose their own donors appear on both sides of the political spectrum - from the conservative, anti-tax Club for Growth and U.S. Chamber of Commerce to the left-leaning abortion-rights activist groups Planned Parenthood Action Fund Inc. and NARAL Pro-Choice America. Dark Money Controversies One of the biggest controversies over dark money involved the 501[c] group Crossroads GPS. The group has strong ties to former George W. Bush adviser Karl Rove. Crossroads GPS is a separate entity from American Crossroads, a conservative super PAC funded by Rove that was sharply critical of President Barack Obama in the 2012 election. During the campaign, the groups Democracy 21 and the Campaign Legal Center asked the Internal Revenue Service to investigate Crossroads GPS after the 501[c] group received an anonymous $10 million contribution. The new $10 million secret contribution to Crossroads GPS to run attack ads against President Obama as he runs for re-election is a stark illustration of the problem caused by groups engaged in campaign spending claiming eligibility as social welfare organizations under section 501(c)(4), wrote J. Gerald Hebert, executive director of the Campaign Legal Center, and Fred Wertheimer, president of Democracy 21. It is apparent that these groups are claiming section 501(c)(4) tax status in order to keep secret from the American people the donors financing their campaign-related expenditures, they wrote. If these organizations are not eligible for tax status under section 501(c)(4), then they are improperly using the tax laws to shield their donors from public disclosure and improperly using secret contributions to influence the 2012 national elections. Crossroads GPS reportedly spent more than $70 million from anonymous donors on the 2012 election even though it had previously told the IRS political spending would be limited in amount, and will not constitute the organizations primary purpose. Dark Money and Super PACs Many advocates for transparency believe spending by 501[c] and social welfare organizations is much more problematic than that by super PACs. We are seeing some 501c4s becoming pure election vehicles, wrote Rick Hasen on the Election Law Blog. ... The key is to stop 501c4s from becoming shadow super PACs. Yes, campaign finance reform community, it has become this bad: I want more super PACs, because the 501c4 alternative is worse!

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 71

Reflection - Essay Example Mentorship will be the first developmental strategy and will be the primary strategy in my first year of development, and later a secondary strategy. Professional workshop will be my secondary strategy in my first and second year of development while academic learning will be my key strategy in my second year. I will evaluate my progress after the end of each development strategy and self-assessment and independent assessment by a human resource personnel will evaluate my mentorship and workshops’ outcomes while academic tests will evaluate my academic outcomes. Success in developing these skills will be of great value to a potential employer. With communication and interpersonal competencies, together with leadership and adaptability potentials, I shall be able to organize and coordinate activities in the employer’s business towards effective and efficient operations. Research and decision-making skills will also ensure sound decisions towards the employer’s interests. Developing these skills therefore promises my intra and interpersonal competencies for attaining objectives of a potential

The Truman Doctrine and the Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Truman Doctrine and the Cold War - Essay Example 346). It was in this time that the United Nations was formed, because the world was even more conflict-weary than it had been after the Great War, when Woodrow Wilson sought to create a League of Nations that would stop major disputes before they ever again became worldwide wars. However, even as workers were still picking up the rubble from the damage in Europe and Asia, the seeds of a new war between the United States and the Soviet Union, two erstwhile allies, were being planted: the Cold War. This was not a war that could ever really begin on a battlefield, because both of the combatants possessed the tactical ability to destroy the planet with nuclear bombs. And so, in many instances, the Cold War became a game to see how much one side would put up with from the other. Perhaps the most volatile moments of the Cold War occurred during the Presidency of John F. Kennedy, when the Soviet Union installed missiles on the island of Cuba, mere miles away from United States soil. The fifteen days of that crisis were as close as the two sides ever came to actual nuclear holocaust. The beginnings of this Cold War, in some ways, may be said to lie at the feet of the United States government. Even during World War II, the United States and Great Britain refused to let the Soviets join the project to create atomic weapons, which led Stalin to mistrust the other two Allies. At the end of the war, the United States stopped sending lend-lease aid far earlier than the Soviets liked, and refused to lend the Soviet government $6 billion for reconstruction, while at the same time lending Great Britain $3.75 billion for similar costs (Pollard, p. 27). The two sides also differed on the postwar fate of Eastern Europe: the Soviet Union, having been invaded twice in thirty years by German armies, wanted to create a buffer zone protecting it from further western invasions, and so it quickly cemented control over most of Eastern Europe, including the Soviet occupation zone of Germany. The Americans, in contrast, supported the Wilsonian idea of an "open world" filled with auto nomous, democratic nations. The Soviet grab for Eastern Europe immediately after World War II ended deeply offended American sensibilities (Bailey and Kennedy, p. 822). Stalin was in no way innocent in the beginnings of the Cold War. In 1946, he broke an agreement to remove Soviet troops from northern Iran. In early 1947, when Great Britain told the United States it could no longer assist the Greek government in keeping stability, and when the Turkish government seemed vulnerable to internal agitation, President Truman decided that a containment policy toward the Soviet Union would be best. In a speech to Congress on March 12, 1947, he asked for $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey, to help keep their governments from collapsing, and to keep Communist influence from overtaking those two countries. In this speech, Truman hearkened back to World War II for support: One of the primary objectives of the foreign policy of the United States is the creation of conditions in which we and other nations will be able to work out a way of life free from coercion. This was a

Refugee And Immigrant Children In Canada Social Work Essay

Refugee And Immigrant Children In Canada Social Work Essay Refugee and immigrant children and youth along with their families comprise the majority of Canadian society. Refugees and immigrants are the mosaic face of present day society. We as citizens have witnessed the process newcomers experience in order to receive their Canadian status. As we are aware of the possible complications that can arise both the Rossiter and Rossiter (2009) article along with Fantino and Colak (2001) article shed an interesting light on migration. These articles discuss how youth challenge these barriers to gain identity in the new society, how issues arise between their inner self and society and also how society can contribute to migration complications. The articles also review how society can be seen to have a positive impact to their experience during migration and adaptation. Both articles assume a similar theme when discussing the challenges/troubles these youth and children encounter during their acculturation period. Summary of articles:     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diamonds in the Rough: Bridging gaps in support for at-risk immigrant and refugee youth summarized the troubles both within the individual and society that is creating a gap within the youth. The gap between individual and society is brought to point in this article as creating a behavior in the youth to engage in high-risk criminal behaviors. Rossiter and Rossiter (2009) focus on the risk and protective factors that are perceived by key stakeholders to influence at-risk immigrant youth who eventually become involved in crime, gangs and violence in Edmonton, Canada (Pg. 2).   Rossiter and Rossiter (2009) organize their article on the view of immigrant and refugee youth behavior by discussing immigrants and crime, bringing upon a theoretical background focused on Maslows theory and how Maslows Hierarchy of need provide insight as to how inner fulfillment discourages negative actions/thoughts/behaviors.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rossiter and Rossiter (2009) review a study that was conducted in order to attain a deeper perspective of the migrating youth into Canadian society; they discuss the risk factors both in the community setting and within the individual. These studies first discussed negative factors affecting the youth and positive factors assisting the youth to not fall into criminal behavior. Lastly, both authors discuss a solution that I would like to classify it in order to understand these gap and misinterpretation between a trouble both within and outside the youth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rossiter and Rossiter (2009) state that youth who migrate to Canada with their family are faced with issues from back home, such as pre-migration violence and trauma were reported to be predisposing risk factors for youth involvement in violent and criminal activity in Canada: many youth from refugee camps have witnessed or experienced violence (e.g. rape, murder, and torture) and suffer from depression, nightmares, flashbacks and or disturbed sleep patterns (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 9). A youth arriving in a country that has already developed their own culture and unique mother of tongue can further create a bigger barrier for the youth in terms of acclimating to this new society, their new home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Social services representative discuss the complications of integration that can cause stress or anxiety-all their symptoms basically prevent them from learning and adapting (As cited by Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.9). These youth experience pressure to fit in when it comes to the school system. They are encountered with peer pressure or alienation (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.9) as association with antisocial peers, however, can lead to violent altercations and crime (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.9). Education was one area where it was classified as a positive impact encouraging youth to act in a positive manner (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.4).   Due to the alienation that youth experience due to the want of fitting in within their peers, criminal justice representative said education was seen as extremely important for immigrant and refugee youth: Not having [education] is whats creating the push in the other direction, and having it is what would save them (As cited by Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 13). Creating these barriers furthermore sets this youth to drop out and as a school is seen as a recruitment into drug-related crimes (Pg.10). While seeing the complications that the lack of education can cause we can acknowledge the importance of school and education towards the future of the youth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rossiter and Rossiter (2009) discuss how youth first entering Canada with their families are seen to be lead by the government into subsidized housing (p.11) due to their lack of finances thus, these youth may not have the same economic standing as their peers. This makes the youth feel uncomfortable leading to the youth having to deal with an inner struggle between wants and needs (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 9). The authors made it clear that contributing factors such as: family support and stability, socio-economic status, physical and mental health, age of arrival, language proficiency, interpersonal skills social networks, personal resilience, employment opportunities and housing and neighborhood, among others (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 4) are seen as a pushing negative factor and also a helpful positive factor for the youth to get out of troubles in the criminal system. The authors prescribe mentorship and s chool activities to assist these youth out of the negative criminal behavior (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 13-14). They discuss how teachers are often unaware of the challenges faced by immigrant and refugee students, and the education system itself is ill prepared to meet their complex needs. Isolation and a lack of social support at school and in the wider community mean that immigrant and refugee youth may be left with few options, and antisocial peers involved in drugs, crime and gangs may be perceived as attractive alternatives (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.16). Family and community support along with Maslows hierarchy of needs should be in place in order to assist these youth.   Families seen to be living in poverty are often unable to meet the physiological and safety needs of their children; at-risk youth who go to school without breakfast or lunch and live in subsidized housing may be especially vulnerable. Youth who lack close relationships to family, school and com munity or who suffer from feelings of inadequacy or failure are easy targets for gangs who promise to fulfill their needs for belonging and self-esteem. (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.16). The authors review the negative and positive influences that contribute to the idea of where funding should be focused. The authors provide the reader with a qualitative research method to get a better understanding by talking to adults who experienced youth criminal activities due to the barriers put forth. It is also important to note that the authors touched upon the lack of statistical research that is brought forth to the public that shows if immigrant and refugee youth are the only ones big in numbers in the jail system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Refugee children in Canada: searching for an identity written by Fantino and Colak (2001) provide an overview of migration issues that arise and the troubles that these children are faced with pre and post arrival into Canada. Fantino and Colak (2001) discuss how the children migrating with their families bring with them issues that they face while coming to a new country as a refugee trauma from witnessing violent crimes, language difficulties, family disruption, and adjustment to a different culture-in addition to the challenges that accompany childhood and growing up (p. 587). Fantino and Colak (2001) draw comparison between immigrant children versus a refugee child. They both write how both classes deal with migration and endure the push-and-pull forces of home and school, which often work in opposite directions (p.589). As we are taught to believe that immigrants face less barriers due to their receipt of citizenship F antino and Colak do not fail to portray the similarities of both groups.   Both may encounter societys discrimination and racism, and developing a sense of identity-while trying to bridge generational and cultural gaps (Fantino and Colak 2001, p.589). Perhaps the greatest threat to these children is not the stress of belonging to two cultures but the stress of belonging to none (p.589.) If these children receive a sense of belonging this can open up and increase their self-esteem and further avoid future barriers and inner fights within the child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One specific concentration that Fantino and Colak (2001) bring forth is the desire for children in the school setting to be accepted by their peer group, be seen as a dependent and a master by interpreting for their parents (Fantino and Colak, 2001, p.589) these factors can contribute to the sense of belonging discussed earlier. These children are in essence parentified as they face the pressure of interpreting for their parents (p. 589).   This pressure can have a dramatic effect on the child as they are given adult responsibility in settings they are not familiar with. Fantino and Colak (2001) wonder if children really do adapt better to society (p.591). They discuss the trouble of parents with the lack of communication they have with their children (p.590). Fantino and Colak refer to these refugee children as children without history (p. 594). Both authors bring forth ideas of the host country providing a positive act in order to make integration as a positive role for the child and family.   One key factor in determining success is the reception of newcomers by the host society (p.589). Task force on mental healthi issues affecting immigrants and refugees (1998) writes that settlement support services, schools, health and social services and the community at large play a crucial role in assisting and supporting children to adjust and integrate into Canadian society (As cited by Fantino and Colak, 2001, p. 589). Fantino and Colak (2001) believe that in order for successful integration we must not ignore the parents who might also be facing trauma prior to arrival. They state that their challenge is to meaningfully integrate their history with the present and future realities of Canada (Fantino and Colak, 2001, p.595) it is only until we as Canadians work as a team to provide a safe haven for newcomers where we can assist and cater to their needs to provide them with adequate housing and support systems. As Fantino and Colak discuss migration trouble pre and post migration both authors do not fail to give Canadians a role on easy adaptation and this sense of guidance makes the struggle of migration as a societal problem and not solely a problem just with the migrating child with their family     Analytic discussion:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both readings discuss the resolutions and the causes of what a child and youth experience as they migrate to a new country. The identified theme of the harm of migration to the individual at hand arises concerns and a deep look at why changes should be in place to assist the migrating newcomers. By looking deeply at the barriers/causes placed by society we will gain insight on understanding why. Both articles gather information by using a qualitative research method that asks children and adults who were deviant youth in the past about problems faced by both immigrant and refugee children and youth; both articles looked at the trouble faced within the individual and the trouble put on by society. Both articles answer questions of why and how these issues arise, both articles discuss solutions and the lack of statistics that would help to really understand the criminal system in regards to over population of immigrant and re fugees in the institution. As both articles take on such approaches to understanding migration and the effect it has on children regarding identity and youth portraying criminal behavior I will provide an analytic discussion in regard to the theme of troubles of migration faced by the immigrant and refugee child and youth. By discussing how the comparison of both articles both discussed the lack of identity the youth and child face, both articles discussed support systems, whether it was lacking or being seen as a great contributor for successful migration, education as a primary target for success in the individual and lastly community assistance that the host community must act upon. As all articles discuss the implication pre and post the childs and youths migration I still believe that further questions need to be asked in order to get a more holistic and complete view of migration difficulties and criminal behavior that the child and youth experience.   Who is a refugee or immigrant youth or child when they come to Canada? It is to this thought that we can look at the identity of these young adults and children being challenged when entering a new country such as Canada. We are taught through both articles that when an individual such as a youth and child enter Canada we must realize the issues they have faced at home that might of led them to migrate: trauma from witnessing violent crimes, language difficulties, family disruption, and adjustment to a different culture-in addition to the challenges that accompany childhood and growing up (Fantino and Colak, 2001, p. 587). When one reads such statements I cant help but ask why arent these individuals dealing with the issues back home? Could it be that the government can no longer be trusted? Why migrate? Is Canada being portrayed to other countries as a loving, welcoming country? If so, we must change this. Canada being classified as a harmonious country or not has issues of its own. We are dealing with employment difficulties, high taxes, and are still involved in a war where other cultures are still being seen as a threat. Are we setting up this migrating youth with unrealistic expectations of Canada? Is this our fault as Canadians that we are simply setting up a trap for this migrating victims to have a difficult life in Canada?  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The issues back home which may have pushed their migration to Canada is not the only issue that these age groups experience. They also witness and experience issues in their new land, and this act should simply put the blame on us, on Canadians.  Support system in the school setting is seen to be lacked and to be a great contributor to be the line of helping the youth and child to avoid criminal behavior. The development of positive relationships with caring adults in the school setting, such as ESL or mainstream teachers, counselors and school resources officers, was also considered to be a protective factor. In some schools, member of ethno-cultural communities offer approved courses designed to help students develop identity and intercultural competence (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 14).   After school programs where the student can receive assistance in studies or being involved in recreational activities can provide an outlet for the student to develop an identity by taking interest in other activities and also assisting with developing relationship with other students or guides. This not only provides them with a family setting in the school atmosphere but also an family unit when parents struggle to understand the school setting or simply when parents do not have much involvement with their children due to work or emotional difficulties. Dedicated workers such as these are helping youth exit gangs, offering them opportunities for success and keeping others from becoming involved with drugs and crime (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 14) As this form of assistance provides the assistance of the host community it shows how we can contribute positively to the outcome of the future of the new generation. As this is so, we must be aware of the access these children a nd youth have to schooling. Funding is needed for better schooling not only for these newcomers but also for youth all around. In Canada the cost to incarcerate a youth for 1 year is approximately $100,000 (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.3), and sending your child to school has no cost then leaves the question of why spend so much in incarcerating youth involved in criminal activity when such money can go into schooling where programs can arise from? As we should be addressing the crime taken in each community (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 3) we know that education can be seen as a way out for these youth to avoid them from falling into a trap of gang involvement and provide these children with a sense of identity and skills this is an investment that will not only help the migrating newcomer individual but where society would also benefit from. Derwing et al. (1999) and Watt and Roessingh (1994,2001) state that studies of school dropout rates of immigrant youth have indicated th at 46-74% of immigrant youth whose native language is not English fail to complete high school (As cited by Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 4) doesnt society see the need for funding?   Community assistance needs to be put in force in order for these youth and children to experience an easy adaptation to Canadian society. Communities provide a learning experience by comforting the individual and providing an exit from any future criminal activity that might come through the youths and childs life. These could be centralized in a love reception center, with ongoing follow-up and support in school and community setting (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.17.) Providing these follow-ups with children, youth and their families will give these newcomers being a immigrant or refugee a voice and provide a further perspective of changes and improvements that could be more active.   Social services assistance: including language translation services; help in location permanent housing and accessing English language classes; a community orientation; referrals to health and social services; including professional counseling services; and other services as needed (Fantino and Col ak, 2001, p. 590). Such services can also be seen to benefit the family unit as a whole as it is helping all members of the family to access and be aware of the services provided by the host community, and can also be seen as a contributor in helping family bonds strengthening when migration can be viewed as a challenging phase for the family. Permanent housing should include specifications and be geographically located where criminal behavior is not the face of that community. Peer ambassador programmers that carefully match newcomers with more established immigrants from the same culture can also be very helpful (Fantino and Colak, 2001, p.590) If newcomers encounter other newcomers they will feel a sense of   hope as they will see that their present challenges were possible to be overcome; this will provide the recent newcomer with a sense that they can do it. We can make a change, so why in a country where 11.2% of the total population of 31 million identify themselves as members of a visible minority (Fantino and Colak 2001, p.588) are being faced with such troubles? In a country where employment is seen as hard to get regarding youth employment why are we not addressing this problem? We realize that the Canadian Baby Boomers are affecting work labor in the present society (Foot, 1998, 82) so how can we assist these youth to find a job when the baby boomers are occupying the majority of the labor market? Do we need more jobs specifically targeted to this population? Why are we still letting in refugee and immigrant families when we can barely assist those already in Canada? Why is Canada still setting up a trap for these newcomers? As I agree with the standings and arguments/solutions that both articles make, I do believe that more questions need to be asked, mostly questions regarding Canada and why Canada is still letting this happen. Heller (1995) along with Jiwani (2002) and Roberts (2002) state that ethnic minorities and those with English or French language difficulties, are disproportionately represented in the Canadian criminal justice system (as cited by Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p. 2) and Canadas lack of providing statistics related to race and ethnicity can further show that numbers need to be put into place in order to understand migration issues and complication. Without numbers can it be fair to say that Canada is contributing to the problem? Without numbers can Canada take a position and assist solely on word of mouth? Providing this overview can be frustrating to understand how to tackle such an issue of migration, but I do believe that in order for us to understand, numbers that are lacked in the prison system if minorities really do make up the population in the jail system needs to be placed. Rossiter and Rossiter state that such a study might increase discrimination towards these individuals (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.3) but how can we help a group without knowing statistics? Since Rossiter and Rossiter tackles such a perspective it leaves the question if Fantino and Colak say that the host community must assist these newcomers due to the issues surrounding this population how can we assist youth as a community when we are unaware of youth involvement in criminal behavior for example? Without data, Canadians are left in the dark, and this must change.   We must make a change to recognize these newcomers diplomas (Rossiter and Rossiter, 2009, p.4.) and degrees to set them up for the work field in order for fairness and these barriers to fall down in favor of those newcomers. My approach to the solution of ending criminal behavior is to look at societal resolutions and also understand the change that needs to be placed. I believe that working with the individual and not for the individual will further assist these individuals on a personal identity level and guide them through the services that can help. Both articles bring upon an analytical overview of migration and the effects brought on by the host community and the services lacking these migrating youth and children. As we understand migration to have a negative effect on individuals we also must not rule out the good that migration can do, such as providing a safe haven for these newcomers from escaping from the harsh realities they faced back home. By communities gathering as a welcoming committee in order to provide the newcomers with a welcoming atmosphere the community must do more than accept the realities of just adapting to a mosaic country. We must work together to provide support for the ch ild, youth and their families. We must acknowledge the contributions that each youth and child carries within them and be culturally accepting. It can be instilled that the children are our future, and no matter what country these children and youth come from, all should be given a fair opportunity.   Ã‚  

Feasibility of Nationalising the South African Mining Sector Essay

Introduction The mining industry forms the foundation of South Africa’s economy. Currently South Africa is the biggest producer of platinum in the world and one of the top producers of gold. Julius Malema, the leader of the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) was at the forefront of having a detailed perspective on the nationalisation of mines in South Africa at the beginning of 2010. Malema believes the nationalisation of mines will solve all economic disparities in South Africa. There are many South Africans who agree or disagree with this idea. The following discussion will provide answers to why it should be done and who benefits or why it should not be done and what the shortcomings are and the costs that the country will incur if it were to be done as well as examples of nationalisation in other countries (Roberts, 2011). Discussion Nationalisation is the operation of transferring ownership from the private sector to the public sector. According to the minister of finance, Mr Pravin Gordhan stated on the March 14, 2011 that nationalisation of South Africa’s mines and other economic assets are not government policy. â€Å"Nationalisation of mines means the democratic government’s ownership and control of Mining activities, including exploration, extraction, production, processing, trading and beneficiation of Mineral Resources in South Africa†(ANCYL, 2010). Therefore this would mean that no mines would be publicly owned but they would be owned by the state. It has been sixteen years since apartheid and the white minority of 10% of the population owns 80% of the country’s economic wealth. The Freedom Charter is a document that expresses the economic, social and political will of South Africans and according to the document, the mineral wealth of South Africa belongs to the people as a nation. â€Å"It is against this background upon which a concrete position on the nationalisation of Mines is formulated in order to guide the ANC in the transfer of mineral wealth beneath the soil to the ownership and benefit of the people as a whole† (ANCYL, 2010). If the state owns the mines it would allow them to manage the economy by controlling the important industries. They could also invest a larger amount of money and make their services more efficient. Nationalisation of the mines does not mean all sectors are in the hands of the country’s citizens and that they will benefit from all the sectors. It does not yet say anywhere what the ratio (between state owned and privately owned) of the division will be when nationalisations occurs, if it does. Therefore people shouldn’t think that the state will automatically have over half or a larger percentage. An important factor is whether nationalisation will be with or without compensation. It would almost be impossible to nationalise with compensation as the government currently doesn’t have the figure of about R 2-trillion which is how much it would cost to purchase the mines. But on the other hand, expropriation without compensation would cause a collapse of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). This would bring down provident and pension funds at the same time. A large number of servants and citizens would be without their retirement investments as well (ANCYL, 20 10). Therefore this poses a big problem already. Some people might think why the mines should be nationalised. Below are three reasons. 1. â€Å"Nationalisation to increase the State’s fiscal capacity and better the working conditions† (ANCYL, 2010). It states that the money received from taxes is not enough to help each and every single South African citizen, which it is not. Education, healthcare, safety and security and housing will not be provided to the masses if the government is not in control of the important sectors. There have been other success stories, such as in Botswana where nationalising the mines provided mineworkers with a safer working environment and higher wages. 2. â€Å"Nationalise to Industrialise and Create more jobs† (ANCYL, 2010). More jobs will be created and industrial investors will be attracted to add to education, expertise and the economy. 3. â€Å"Nationalisation to transform South Africa’s unequal spatial development patterns† (ANCYL, 2010). This means the areas that will be focused on will be ones which will be sustainable in the future as well as effective. Smaller areas that have never been mined before could be targeted as it will provide more jobs in these areas which rarely see economic activity (ANCYL, 2010). Malema believes that everybody in South Africa has the right to the wealth that is produced and that the state should own the larger part of the mines. â€Å"South Africa is divided as we speak. We’ve got two economies in one country, two nations in one country, and it is nationalisation that will unite us† (Andrew, 2011). He also believes many jobs will be created once the mines are nationalised. Patrice Motsepe, a South African businessman, states that he would back Malema’s decision as long as it is in the best interests of South Africa. The ANCYL believes South Africa’s minerals, water, land and marine resources should be used to maximise growth of South Africa’s economy and not purely for profit (Shivambu, 2010). If the mines are nationalised, new economic centres will be developed, new industrial development zones will be established, jobs will be created as the mines owned and controlled by the state will increase local beneficiation and industrialisation of the available mineral resources, and local economies will be developed (Shivambu, 2010). General Secretary of Congress of South African Trade Union (COSATU), Zwelinzima Vavi says that â€Å"Nationalisation can bolster our economy and it will always ensure development† (Beukes, 2011). He said that the nationalisation of the mines will make available money to all the people of the country, not only those who are currently working in the private sector (current mine owners) (Beukes, 2011). One of the ANCYL’s argument is that nationalisation was a demand found in the Freedom Charter and that South African citizens should share the mineral wealth of the nation between each and every one (Achary, 2010). Thus there are valid reasons for the mines to be nationalised but the major concern is the cost that the country would incur to make nationalisation happen. â€Å"Nationalisation is an unaffordable, untimely and frankly unnecessary suggestion, which has already undermined market stability† (Time, 2009). It would cost South Africa R1.4 to R2 trillion to nationalise the mines which seems silly if you think South Africa has the fifth biggest mining industry in the world. This figure does not include extra running costs as well as the costs that go with running loss-running mines. This shows it is a big part of the economy and would be tough to be nationalised. This figure is the same as trebling South Africa’s national debt over a single night, which is unrealistic (Time, 2009). â€Å"The debate on the thorny issue heated up with business executives and analysts warning that nationalisation would damage the economy† (Isa, 2011). Many say it is a disaster and has been for every country who has tried to pull it off. Susan Shabangu said â€Å"consideration of the step was misguided, as the real issue was to address povert y, unemployment, and inequality† (Isa, 2011). This shows that the debates that are ongoing will deter foreign investments. The ANC do realise that it’s close to impossible to nationalise the mines and come off on the right foot but are currently looking at models of how it could be implemented effectively (Isa, 2011). The nationalisation of mines has also been seen as a ploy to try and save Black Economic Empowerment (which has been in place in South Africa for a while, but has not achieved what it hoped to) and not focusing on the amount of poor in the country as well as the amount of unemployed workers (Business Day, 2011). The market value of South African mines (listed) is almost 850 billion rand which is above a third of the country’s total Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Therefore the government should be more concerned over matters such as the education level and the health of the countries people. â€Å"Zambia nationalised the copper mines, which supplied 90% of its exports, in the early 1970s. It ended up hiring back the multinational copper companies to manage them† (News24, 2010). Zambia is the world’s 11th largest producer of copper. The mines were nationalised in 1969 and at this time were exporting about 700 000 tonnes of copper per annum. By the year 2000, exporting figures had constantly decreased to 225 000 tonnes. The result of the decline was partly because of a lack of investments as well as mismanagement of the mines. â€Å"Zambia has neither the capital nor the skills to run the mines by itself† (Time, 1969). Other factors were the drop in the price of copper, a lack of skills among the citizens in Zambia and they were unable to raise capital. They lacked a strong plan with which to back up their initial aim (Time, 1969). Restrictions were placed on exports and imports which resulted in exchange rates rising and therefore gains from exports reduced. Zambia also failed to save earnings when the copper price was high and thus when the price fell, they suffered immensely. Even though the situation is not exactly the same, it does show that to nationalise mines a lot of debate needs to occur as well as research and obviously the country needs the required funds to make sure it can be made possible. South Africa does not have these funds at the moment and thus would not be able to nationalise the mines unless they are willing to operate with huge debts which is unfeasible (Osei-Hwedie, 2003). Conclusion â€Å"Nationalisation is an unaffordable, untimely and frankly unnecessary suggestion, which has already undermined market stability† (George, 2009). This statement sums up the idea of nationalisation of mines in South Africa. It obviously has its advantages such as giving higher wages and creating more jobs but it is clearly evident that the positives are outweighed by the negatives. With so many jobs in South Africa’s mining sector at stake, it is irresponsible to talk about placing this key sector of the economy in the hands of government people. The country does not have nearly enough funds for this project to take place and thus in my view should not take place in even in the near future (Marais, 2010). Reference List ACHARY, N. (2010). Nationalising the Mining Sector in South Africa [Online]. Available: http://www.suite101.com/content/nationalising-the-mining-sector-in-south-africa-a281585 [Accessed 25 September 2011]. ANCYL (2010). Towards the Transfer of Mineral Wealth to the Ownership of the People as a Whole: A Perspective on Nationalisation of Mines. [Online]. Available: http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page71654?oid=158357&sn=Detail [Accessed 22 September 2011]. ANDREW, M. (2011). Nationalisation will unite SA, says Malema [Online]. Available: http://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-05-nationalisation-will-unite-sa-says-malema [Accessed 21 September 2011]. 3 BEUKES, W. (2011). Vavi joins ANCYL in calls for nationalisation [Online]. Available: http://mg.co.za/article/2011-08-06-vavi-speaks-in-favour-of-nationalisation [Accessed 25 September 2011]. BUSINESS DAY (2010). Nationalisation won’t help poor – Nzimande [Online]. Available: http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=147053 [Accessed 26 September 2011]. GEORGE, D. (2009). Nationalising South Africa’s mines would cost R1.4-trillion [Online]. Available: http://da.wwc.co.za/newsroom.htm?action=view-news-item&id=6967 [Accessed 25 September 2011]. ISA, M. (2011). Nationalisation talk ‘costing SA jobs’ . [Online]. Available: http://www.businessday.co.za/Articles/Content.aspx?id=150052 [Accessed 27 September 2011]. MARAIS, E. (2010). Budget Speech: Nationalisation of SA’s mines [Online]. Available: http://www.da.org.za/newsroom.htm?action=view-news-item&id=8231 [Accessed 23 September 2011]. NEWS24 (2010). Zambia’s nationalisation woes: ANC [Online]. Available: http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Zambias-nationalisation-woes-ANC-20100730 [Accessed 20 September 2011]. OSEI-HWEDIE, B. (2003). Development Policy and Economic Change in Zambia [Online]. Available: http://www.dpmf.org/images/Zambia-devt-bertha.html [Accessed 24 September 2011]. ROBERTS, J. (2011) SA’s mining industry losing ground [Online]. Available: http://www.businesslive.co.za/southafrica/sa_markets/2011/08/04/sa-s-mining-industry-losing-ground [Accessed 25 September 2011]. SHIVAMBU, N. (2010). The case for the nationalisation of mineral resources [Online]. Available: http://mg.co.za/article/2010-09-21-the-case-for-nationalisation-of-mineral-resources [Accessed 23 September 2011]. TIME MAGAZINE (1969). Mining: Nationalization in Zambia. [Online]. Available: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,898567,00.html#ixzz1YgJNdxqy [Accessed 22 September 2011].

How to write a essay Essay

Getting into college could be as easy as memorizing the alphabet just like a preschooler. But, getting into college with a scholarship is a whole different thing. From the thousands of college applicants aiming for a scholarship, how will you make your essay application stand out? There are millions of essay examples over the internet but, you need to come up with an essay that will get you that scholarship. Tips on How to Write a Good Scholarship Essay: 1. Read instructions carefully College application can become a common thing for you. You might actually get the feeling of doing the same thing over and over like answering the same question for the nth number of times. No matter how similar college applications are, you have to read and understand the instructions well. If you want to land on a good school for college with a scholarship, everything starts with reading and comprehending the instructions. 2. Organize your thoughts After reading the instructions, it’s time to line up your thoughts to make an effective essay that will get you that scholarship. Look for essay samples on the internet or in books. Have a sort of survey from resources that will help you fill in the contents of your essay. It is difficult to start writing an essay, but with organized ideas, you can do it efficiently and effectively. 3. Make an outline When you get a general idea of the essay contents, you can now make an outline of specific details that will be included in your composition. Essay examples usually present general ideas down to the specific. Having an outline is very helpful to keep your essay consistent and focused on a particular topic. 4. Discuss every topic based on the instruction Paying attention to details or instructions is actually part of writing the essay for a scholarship application. Make sure that every topic asked in the essay questions is discussed in the whole composition. Remember that you only have one chance of writing an essay that will make a lasting impression on your college application. 5. Use simple language format and make sure your grammar is perfect Do not try to impress readers of your essay. Even if you are in college, you are not expected to use highfaluting words, but rather make your sentences simple and clear. No matter how technical your vocabulary is but poor grammar is an indication of a lousy essay. 6. Avoid bragging about your achievements Although it is important that you include your achievements as this will help your scholarship application, however you only need to do this if you are asked to do so. Avoid bragging, instead, talk about your achievements simply. It is also good to include the lessons you have learned in gaining such success. 7. Have someone edit and check your work To ensure that you are submitting an essay that will get you the scholarship, have an expert check your work. An editor or a previous professor can help you improve and validate how excellent or poor your essay is. Essay Writing First paragraph — Introduction The first paragraph is essential in capturing the attention of your readers. It is called an introduction as it gives an overview of what your essay is all about. The first paragraph should be similar to an â€Å"About Me† part of a reading material. Make it as simple as possible and dynamically connected to your next point. Second Paragraph – Important Details The second paragraph should support your introduction. This section includes more detail and usually the start of elaboration for every point or question. Say for example, state reasons why you should qualify for the scholarship; state your accomplishments; why are you choosing a particular course and the like. Third paragraph – Future Goals The third paragraph should speak of your future goals and your vision after pursuing a college degree. Goals have to be specific, and should reflect an action plan after your college graduation. Fourth paragraph – The Best Candidate End your essay by stating reasons why you are the best candidate to be chosen for the scholarship. State two to three main points from the previous paragraphs. Do not forget to note your appreciation for the readers of your essay for taking the time to read your essay. Composing your ideas and putting them in writing is never easy. It can be stressful and puts on a lot of pressure, especially when your future depends on this essay for a scholarship grant. There are many essay examples you can find on the web today.

How Long Do Sea Turtles Live

There are seven species of sea turtles on Earth: green turtle, leatherback, flatback, loggerhead, hawksbill, Kemp’s ridley, and olive ridley. Sea turtles typically live between  30 and 50 years, with some documented cases of sea turtles living as long as 150 years. While we know that all sea turtle species have lengthy lifespans, the  upper limit of their potential natural lifespan remains a mystery to scientists.   Of the seven species of sea turtles on the globe, the hawksbill has the shortest lifespan at 30 to 50 years, and the green turtle has the longest at 80 years or more. The largest and smallest sea turtles–the leatherback and the kemps ridley, respectively–both have an average lifespan of 45 to 50 years.  Ã‚   The Sea Turtle Life Cycle Birth A sea turtle’s life begins when a female nests and lays eggs on a beach, usually near where she was born. She will nest between two and eight times each season, laying  about 100 eggs in each nest. The eggs are vulnerable to predators like  birds, mammals, and fish. After a period of six to eight weeks, the surviving hatchlings break out of their eggs (called pipping), emerge  from the sand, and head towards the water. Lost Years Only an estimated 1  in 1,000 to 1 in 10,000 hatchlings survive to experience the next phase of life: the open ocean phase. This period, which lasts between two and 10 years, is also called â€Å"the lost years† because the turtles movements at sea are hard to monitor. While turtles can be tagged by scientists, the transmitters used are often too bulky for younger creatures. In 2014, a group of researchers from Florida and Wisconsin used smaller equipment to track the â€Å"lost years† of hatchlings that they had raised for several months and then released. They concluded that hatchlings head out to sea to avoid predators and follow warm surface waters that support their growth. Adulthood Sea turtles grow up slowly. It takes them between 15 and 50 years to become reproductively mature. They spend their adult lives foraging in coastal waters and migrating to beaches to mate. Only the females come ashore to nest, a  process that takes place every two to five years. Like birds and fish, sea turtles rely on the magnetic field of the planet to return to their place of birth. Their migrations can be lengthy.  In  2008, a leatherback was tracked traveling 12,774 miles from Indonesia to Oregon. Females have been known to nest until the age of 80. Death Sea turtles often die because of predation and human-related causes. Some of their main predators are sharks, killer whales, and large fish like grouper. They also face dangers from poaching, fishing gear entanglement, pollution, marine debris like plastic, and climate change. Rising sea levels and increasing storm activity threaten nesting grounds. Due in large part to these human-made threats, most sea turtle species are endangered. How Long Can Sea Turtles Live? The title of â€Å"oldest sea turtle† remains unclaimed, which  enhances the species’ mystique. Determining exactly how long sea turtles live is particularly difficult because the turtles often  outlive the duration of most studies. When sea turtles  are tagged, satellite data transmission typically lasts  just between six and  24 months. Meanwhile, turtles can live for decades. To make matters even more ambiguous, there is no scientifically accepted method for using a sea turtle’s appearance to determine its age. Scientists  often analyze the  bone structure  of deceased turtles to estimate age. One of the oldest known sea turtles is a green turtle named Myrtle, who has been at the Cape Cod aquarium for more than 45 years and is estimated to be 90 years old. However, according to Carol Haley, the Assistant Curator of Fishes at the Tennessee Aquarium,  some sea turtles can  live 100 or even 150 years. A few sea turtles may have outlived that estimate in the last few decades. In 2006, Li Chengtang, head of the Guangzhou Aquarium in China, said that the oldest sea turtle onsite was â€Å"about 400 years old, as determined by a shell test by a taxonomic professor.† Another news report  of an elderly sea turtle in the Philippines stated that a sea turtle close to  200 years old was discovered in a fish pen and brought to the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. Why Do Sea Turtles Live So Long? Sea turtles have been on Earth for more than 100 million years. To put that in perspective, dinosaurs went extinct about 65 million years ago and early human ancestors started walking on two legs about 4 million years ago. Research indicates that a key explanation for the sea turtles long lifespan is its slow metabolism or rate of converting food into energy. According to a 2011 study in the Journal of Experimental Biology, metabolic rates play a key role in sea turtle health, as they control â€Å"the fitness of the individual† and â€Å"ultimately define population structure and size. Animal metabolism is sometimes described as â€Å"the fire of life.† Typically,  the slower the burn, the longer a fire—or creature—lives. Sea turtles metabolize and grow slowly, and consequently live for a longer period. Green sea turtles can slow their heartbeats down to a rate of 9 minutes between beats. This characteristic empowers them to take drawn-out feeding dives for up to five hours. In stark contrast, a speedy hummingbird’s heart beats as many as 1,260 times each minute, and it  may eat every 10 minutes. Hummingbirds have a much shorter life span than sea turtles, living just  three to five years. While sea turtles continue to face numerous threats, scientists and researchers wont be deterred.  Conservation efforts persist to keep these majestic divers pushing the limits of long life in the sea. Sources â€Å"Basic Facts About Sea Turtles.† Defenders of Wildlife, 18 Mar. 2013, defenders.org/sea-turtles/basic-facts.Enstipp, Manfred R., et al. â€Å"Energy Expenditure of Freely Swimming Adult Green Turtles (Chelonia Mydas) and Its Link with Body Acceleration.† Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists Ltd, 1 Dec. 2011, jeb.biologists.org/content/214/23/4010.Evans, Ian. â€Å"Sea Turtles Are a Conservation Success Story – Mostly.† Oceans, News Deeply, 18 Oct. 2017, www.newsdeeply.com/oceans/community/2017/10/19/sea-turtles-are-a-conservation-success-story-mostly.â€Å"Hummingbirds.† National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, www.nps.gov/cham/learn/nature/hummingbirds.htm.Leake, Chauncey D. â€Å"The Fire of Life. An Introduction to Animal Energetics. Max Kleiber. Wiley, New York, 1961. Xxii 454 Pp. Illus.† Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 22 Dec. 1961, science.sciencemag.org/content/1 34/3495/2033.1.Mansfield, Katherine L., et al. â€Å"First Satellite Tracks of Neonate Sea Turtles Redefine the Lost Years Oceanic Niche.† Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, 22 Apr. 2014, rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/281/1781/20133039.Snover, Melissa. â€Å"Growth and Ontogeny of Sea Turtles Using Skeletochronology: Methods, Validation and Application to Conservation.† ResearchGate, 1 Jan. 2002, www.researchgate.net/publication/272152934_Growth_and_ontogeny_of_sea_turtles_using_skeletochronology_Methods_validation_and_application_to_conservation.Thompson, Andrea. â€Å"Turtle Migrates 12,774 Miles.† LiveScience, Purch, 29 Jan. 2008, www.livescience.com/9562-turtle-migrates-12-774-miles.html.